Colin James to the Association of Pacific Rim Universities Auckland University, 1 July 2010
The territory that is now New Zealand was in 1840 a Pacific place, peopled by autonomous, self-governing tribes (iwi) and subtribes (hapu) who came from the Polynesian Pacific around 800 years ago. In 1840 it was incorporated into the British Empire by the Treaty of Waitangi signed by most iwi and for the next century and a quarter New Zealand was Europe’s most distant outpost — an outpost in the Pacific. Since the mid-1970s, and particularly since the mid-1980s, a distinct European-descended culture and custom has evolved with deepening roots, which increasingly reflects and incorporates elements of Maori tradition, language, motifs and culture and custom. Te reo — the Maori language — has equal official status with English. New Zealand calls itself bicultural, a nation of two principal cultures: Aotearoa-New Zealand. This is in part a factor of the demographic resurgence of Maori (now 15 per cent of the population), in part a response to a new assertiveness from Maori leaders and in part a factor of the fashionable doctrine of indigenous rights, given weight through legislation and court decisions and anchored in the Treaty of Waitangi. In addition, there has been a new migration over the past 40 years from the Polynesian Pacific (now 7 per cent). read more